Microwave Hearing - abstracts,
references
Date: 2/10/00 3:26:17 AM Pacific Standard Time
In no special order:
Auditory system response to RF energy. A.H. Frey, Aerospace
Medecine, vol. 32, pp. 1140-1142, 1961.
Human Auditory System Response to Modulated Electromagnetic
Frey, Allan. J. Appl. Physiol. 17(4): 689-692. 1962.
http://www.raven1.net/frey.htm
Hearing Sensations in Electric Fields. Sommer, H.C. & von
Gierke, H.E. Aerospace Medicine, pp 834-839, Sept. 1964.
Microwave hearing: Evidence for thermacoustic auditory
stimulation by pulsed microwaves. K.R. Foster and E.D. Finch.
Science, vol. 185, pp. 256-258, 1974.
Detection of weak electromagnetic radiation by the mammalian
vestibulocochlear apparatus. Lebovitz R.M. N.Y. Acad. Sci.
247:182-193; 1975.
Microwave Auditory Effects and Applications. James C. Lin;
Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, Springfield, IL, 1978; 221 pp.
Auditory perception of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields.
Chou, C.K.; Guy, A.W.; Galambos, R. J Acoust Soc Am
vol. 71(6), pp. 1321-1334, 1982.
~~~~~~~
The following 14 abstracts are from the NASA
Center for AeroSpace Information (CASI)
Technical Report Server -- Search page:
http://www.sti.nasa.gov/RECONselect.html
~~~~~~~
TITLE: The microwave auditory phenomenon
Authors: Lin, J. C. (Wayne State University)
Journal Title:
IEEE, Proceedings, vol. 68, Jan. 1980, p. 67-73.
Navy-NSF-supported research. http://www.eeisnet.com
Published: Jan 01, 1980
Abstract:
The paper examines electrophysiological activity produced by
exposing the brains of laboratory animals to rectangular pulses
of microwave energy. These results suggest that a microwave
auditory phenomenon is evoked by a mechanism similar to
conventional sound reception, and that the primary interaction
site is peripheral to the cochlea. It is shown that the peak
pressure due to thermal expansion is greater than the radiation
pressure or electrostriction, and that the induced sound
frequency is only a function of the size and acoustic property
of the brain. Several suggestions were made for future research
in microwave auditory effect and its health implications.
~~~~~~~
TITLE: Sensation and perception of microwave energy
Authors: Michaelson, S. M. (Rochester Univ.)
Presented at the 7th Intern. Conf. on Environ. Toxicity:
Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Nonionizing Radiation,
Rochester, N. Y., 5 Jun. 1974
Sponsored by AEC and Dept. of Navy
Abstract:
Sensing or perception of microwave/radiofrequency energy is
accomplished through various mechanisms. In mammals, the main
phenomena of sensation or perception are those of thermal
sensations and, in selected cases, audition. Thermal sensation
is accomplished by stimulation of thermosensitive nerve endings
in the skin. Although some investigators believe that hearing or
audition is evidence of direct nerve stimulation, the most
recent data show this phenomena to be due to electromechanically
induced vibrations in tissue and normal reception in the cochlea
of the ear.
~~~~~~~
TITLE: On microwave-induced hearing sensation
Authors: Lin, J. C. (Wayne State University)
Journal Title:
IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol.
MTT-25, July 1977, p. 605-613. p. 605-613
Abstract:
When a human subject is exposed to pulsed microwave radiation,
an audible sound occurs which appears to originate from within
or immediately behind the head. Laboratory studies have also
indicated that evoked auditory activities may be recorded from
cats, chinchillas, and guinea pigs. Using a spherical model of
the head, this paper analyzes a process by which microwave
energy may cause the observed effect. The problem is formulated
in terms of thermoelasticity theory in which the absorbed
microwave energy represents the volume heat source which depends
on both space and time. The inhomogeneous thermoelastic motion
equation is solved for the acoustic wave parameters under
stress-free surface conditions using boundary value technique
and Duhamel's theorem. Numerical results show that the predicted
frequencies of vibration and threshold pressure amplitude agree
reasonably well with experimental findings.
~~~~~~~
TITLE: Absorption of millimeter waves by human beings and its
biological implications
Authors: Gandhi, O. P. - Riazi, A. (Utah, University)
Journal Title:
IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
(ISSN 0018-9480), vol. MTT-34, Feb. 1986, p. 228-235.
USAF-supported research. http://www.eeisnet.com
Abstract:
Aspects of the biological implications of millimeter wave
radiation for human beings are discussed. The power densities
likely to be encountered close to radiators in the 30-300 GHz
frequency band are examined. The millimeter wave absorption
efficiency of the human body with and without clothing is
described, and the possibility of 90-95 percent coupling
efficiency with clothing acting as an impedance matching
transformer is addressed. The possibility of very high rates of
energy deposition in the skin due to submillimeter depths of
penetration is considered. The potential effect of millimeter
wave absorption on human eyes, with particular emphasis on the
cornea, in which high rates of energy deposition are
encountered, are discussed. Hearing sensations produced by
millimeter waves and thermal sensations by millimeter wave
irradiation are addressed.
~~~~~~~
TITLE: Electrophysiological effects of electromagnetic fields on
animals
Authors:
Guy, A. W. (Washington Univ.) - Lin, J. C. (Washington Univ.) -
Chou, C. K. (Washington Univ.)
Presented at the 7th Rochester Intern. Conf. on Environ.
Toxicity, Rochester, NY Jun. 1974
Abstract:
The report shows that the conduction and transmission latencies
and amplitudes of evoked potentials in both the CNS of
anesthetized cats, isolated nerves of cats, and ganglia of
rabbits are affected by CW microwaves in a manner very similar
to that of localized conduction heat. Temperature rises are
always associated with any observable changes of the measured
characteristics in the nervous tissues exposed to CW
irradiation. Electrophysiological studies on cats indicate that
pulsed microwaves interact with mammalian auditory systems in a
manner similar to that of conventional acoustic perception.
A possible mechanism of microwave interaction is the acoustic
energy release from rapid thermal expansion due to power
absorption in the gross structure of the head.
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TITLE: Investigation of the characteristics of auditory effects
stimulated by microwaves using a spherical model
Authors:
Shorokhov, V. V. - Tigranian, R. E. - Mashkin, P. V. (AN SSSR)
Journal Title:
Biofizika (ISSN 0006-3029), vol. 31, July-Aug. 1986, p. 695-700.
In Russian.
Abstract:
The features of sound waves excited by microwave impulses (at
915 and 2375 MHz) were studied, using spherical flasks filled
with ethanol or 0.1 M NaCl in water as models of the human head.
A piezoceramic transducer was used to register mechanical
oscillations of the flask's surface. The results suggest that
the auditory effects of microwaves are caused by stimulation of
mechanical oscillations in the liquid (or the head tissues) by
electromagnetic energy, followed by the bone-effected transfer
of the absorbed energy to the auditory organs.
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TITLE: Auditory perception of radio-frequency electromagnetic
fields
Authors:
Chou, C.-K. - Guy, A. W. (Washington, University) - Galambos, R.
(California, University)
Journal Title:
Acoustical Society of America, Journal, vol. 71, June 1982, p.
1321-1334. U.S. Department of Education
Abstract:
Absorption of pulsed microwave energy can produce an auditory
sensation in human beings with normal hearing. The phenomenon
manifests itself as a clicking, buzzing, or hissing sound
depending on the modulatory characteristics of the microwaves.
While the energy absorbed and the resulting increment of
temperature per pulse at the threshold of perception are small,
most investigators of the phenomenon believe that it is caused
by thermoelastic expansion. In this paper, literature that
describes psychological, behavioral, and physiological
observations as well as physical measurements pertinent to the
microwave-hearing phenomenon is reviewed.
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TITLE: Microwave induced acoustic effects in mammalian
auditory systems
Authors:
Guy, A. W. (Washington Univ.) - Chou, C. K. (Washington Univ.)
Journal Title:
AGARD Radiation Hazards - Page: 17 p, Aug 01, 1975
Abstract:
Pulsed microwave fields with incident energy densities of 20 to
40 micro Joule per sq cm per pulse will produce responses in the
auditory system of man and animals similar to those produced by
auditory stimuli. Recent studies indicate that the responses may
be originated from high frequency vibrations induced in the head
of the exposed subject by a transient thermal expansion of
tissue due to the rapid absorption of the pulsed microwave
energy.
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TITLE: Effects of electromagnetic fields on the nervous system
Authors:
Chou, C. K. (Washington Univ.) - Guy, A. W. (Washington Univ.)
Published: Aug 01, 1975
Abstract:
Contents: Electromagnetic Field-Biomaterial Interaction and
Methods of Measurement; Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on
Isolated Nerves and Superior Cervical Ganglia: Design of
Waveguide Apparatus, and Calculation of Specific Absorption
Rate; Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Muscle Contraction;
Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Auditory System: Effect of
Noise Masking on Threshold of Evoked Auditory Responses,
Microwave-induced Cochlear Microphonics in Guinea Pigs.
~~~~~~~
TITLE: Theoretical calculation of frequencies and thresholds of
microwave-induced auditory signals
Authors: Lin, J. C. (Wayne State University)
(International Union of Radio Science, Annual Meeting, Amherst,
Mass., Oct. 11-15, 1976.) Radio Science, vol. 12, Nov.-Dec.
1977, Supplement, p. 237-242.
Abstract:
Previously developed thermoelastic models of microwave-induced
auditory sensations are applied to calculate the frequency and
amplitude of the acoustic signals that are generated in human
beings and laboratory animals. Graphs of computed displacement
and pressure as a function of time are presented for several
species.
~~~~~~~
TITLE: Quantitation of microwave biological effects
Authors:
Chou, C. K. (Washington Univ.) - Guy, A. W. (Washington Univ.)
Journal Title:
Bur. of Radiol. Health Symp. on Biol. Effects and Meas. of Radio
Freq./Microwaves - Page: p 81-103
Abstract:
While emphasizing dosimetry and instrumentation, we have been
able to demonstrate that the effects of acute exposure to CW
microwaves on some of the electrophysiological properties of the
nervous system are thermal in nature. Studies on the microwave
auditory effect have provided strong evidence that the mechanism
of microwave hearing is electromechanical in nature. Development
of a chronic exposure system and carbon EEG electrodes will
provide a means for other researchers in pursuing the studies of
biological effects of low level chronic exposure of microwaves.
In this reported research, the quantitation of microwave
biological effects is stressed so that extrapolation to humans
is possible.
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TITLE: Vestibulo-cochlear single unit responses to
microwave radiation
Authors:
Lebovitz, R. M. (Texas Univ. Health Science Center) -
Seaman, R. L. (Texas Univ. Health Science Center)
Journal Title:
Bur. Radiol. Health Symp. on Biol. Effects and Meas. of Radio
Freq./Microwaves - Page 314-333
Abstract:
The influence of microwave radiation (MWR) on functional
neuronal properties was examined, and the effects of continuous
wave MWR on units of the vestibular system were studied. The
threshold for this effect appeared to be above the current
standards for safe exposure; above a level for significant
intracranial thermogenesis. The response of single auditory
units to pulse modulated MWR were studied. Pulse parameters
rather than average power density appeared to be the independent
variable for this effect and responses were observed at pulse
energy densities of 4 mvon J/g and lower. Overall, the response
of a given single auditory unit to pulsed MWR was similar to its
response to traditional acoustic click stimuli.
~~~~~~~
TITLE: Auditory unit responses to single-pulse and twin-pulse
microwave stimuli.
Authors: Seaman RL; Lebovitz RM
Source: Hear Res; VOL 26, ISS 1, 1987, P105-16
Abstract:
Responses of units in the cat cochlear nucleus to single
microwave pulses with different durations and to twin microwave
pulses with different interpulse delays are used to study
microwave hearing. Inferred threshold specific absorption rate
is less than 6 mW/g; inferred threshold specific absorption,
less than 0.5 microJ/g. The existence of responses from units
with characteristic frequencies (CFs) from 931 Hz to 25.5 kHz
is not consistent with a primary role for head resonance in
microwave hearing. Patterns of response amplitude have a
periodicity of 1/CF and are fully explained by frequency
content of the pulse stimulus and signal processing of the
auditory system. For pulses shorter than about 0.24/CF, it is
shown that response amplitude is predictably proportional to
pulse energy.
~~~~~~~
TITLE: Effects of low power microwaves on the local cerebral blood
flow of conscious rats
Authors: Oscar, K. J. (Army Mobility Equipment Command)
Published: Jun 01, 1980
Corporate Source:
Army Mobility Equipment Command (Fort Belvoir, VA, United States)
Abstract:
A decoy and deception concept presently being considered is to
remotely create the perception of noise in the heads of
personnel by exposing them to low power, pulsed microwaves.
When people are illuminated with properly modulated low power
microwaves the sensation is reported as a buzzing, clicking, or
hissing which seems to originate (regardless of the person's
position in the field) within or just behind the head. The
phenomena occurs at average power densities as low as microwatts
per square centimeter with carrier frequencies from 0.4 to 3.0
GHz. By proper choice of pulse characteristics, intelligible
speech may be created. Before this technique may be extended and
used for military applications, an understanding of the basic
principles must be developed. Such an understanding is not only
required to optimize the use of the concept for camouflage,
decoy and deception operations but is required to properly
assess safety factors of such microwave exposure.
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TITLE: Radiation hazard assessment of pulsed microwave radars.
Authors: Puranen L; Jokela K; Finnish Centre for Radiation and
Nuclear Safety, Helsinki, Finland.
Source: J Microw Power Electromagn Energy, 31(3):165-77 1996
Abstract:
Observed biological effects of pulsed microwave radiation are
reviewed and the exposure standards for microwave radiation are
summarized. The review indicates that the microwave auditory
effect is the only well-established specific effect in
realistic exposure situations. The threshold for the effect
depends on the energy density per pulse and may be as low as
20 mJ/m2 for people with low hearing threshold. Energy density
limits have been included in the most recent exposure
for measurements of pulse power densities around scanning radar
antennas is described, and a simple new model for the
calculation of power density in the main beam of radar antennas
is presented. In the near field measured values differed from
the calculated values by 2-3 dB.
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http://es.epa.gov/ncerqa_abstracts/sbir/other/monana/kohn.html
Communicating Via the Microwave Auditory Effect
An innovative and revolutionary technology is described that
offers a means of low-probability-of-intercept Radio frequency
(RF) communications. The feasibility of the concept has been
established using both a low intensity laboratory system and a
high power RF transmitter. Numerous military applications exist
in areas of search and rescue, security and special operations.
Awarding Agency: Department of Defense
SBIR Contract Number: F41624-95-C-9007
Title: Communicating Via the Microwave Auditory Effect
Principal Investigator: Mr. Brian Kohn
Company Name:
Science & Engineering Assoc, Inc.
6100 Uptown Blvd NE
Albuquerque, NM 87110
Telephone Number: 505-884-2300
Business Representative:
Project Period:
Project Amount: $739,995
Research Category: Monitoring/Analytical
~~~~~~~
HEARING DEVICE
United States Patent: 4,858,612 ; Aug. 22, 1989
Inventors: Stocklin; Philip L.
ABSTRACT:
A method and apparatus for simulation of hearing in mammals by
introduction of a plurality of microwaves into the region of the
auditory cortex is shown and described. A microphone is used to
transform sound signals into electrical signals which are in turn
analyzed and processed to provide controls for generating a
plurality of microwave signals at different frequencies. The
multifrequency microwaves are then applied to the brain in the
region of the auditory cortex. By this method sounds are perceived
by the mammal which are representative of the original sound
received by the microphone.
~~~~~~~
from:
http://mercury.spaceports.com/~persewen/fritzchapter6.htm
The Illuminati Formula Used to Create an
Undetectable Total Mind Controlled Slave.
by Cisco Wheeler and Fritz Springmeier
CHAPTER 6. -- SCIENCE
THE USE OF ELECTRONICS & ELECTRICITY
MICROWAVES FOR PROGRAMMING
On Aug. 22, 1989, Phillip L. Stocklin, P.O. Box 2111, Satellite
Beach, FL took out a patent -- which is Patent Number 4,858,612
which is a device that can be placed in the auditory cortex of the
brain. This device allows the following process: someone speaks
into a microphone, the microphone then has its sounds coded into
microwave, which are sent to the receiver in the brain and the
receiver device will transform the microwaves back so that the
person's mind hears the original sounds. In other words, a person
with this device in their head will hear whatever the programmers
send via microwave signals.
HEARING DEVICE
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field at the Invention
This invention relates to devices for aiding at hearing in mammals.
The invention is based upon the perception at sounds which is
experienced in the brain when the brain is subjected to certain
microwave radiation signals.
2. Description ot the Prior Art
In prior art hearing devices for human beings, it is well known to
amplify sounds to be heard and to apply the amplified sound signal
to the ear at the person wearing the hearing aid. Hearing devices
of this type are however limited to hearing disfunctions where
there is no damage to the auditory nerve or to the auditory cortex.
In the prior art, if there is damage to the auditory cortex or the
auditory nerve, it cannot be corrected by the use ot a hearing aid.
During World War II, individuals in the radiation path of certain
radar installations observed clicks and buzzing sounds in response
to the microwave radiation. It was through this early observation
that it became known to the art that microwaves could cause a
direct perception at sound within a human brain.
These buzzing or clicking sounds however were not meaningful and
were not perception of sounds which could otherwise be heard by the
receiver. This type of microwave radiation was not representative
of any intelligible sound to be perceived. In such radar
installations, there was never a sound which was generated which
resulted in subsequent generation of microwave signals
representative of that sound. Since the early perception of buzzing
and clicking. further research has been conducted into the
micro-wave reaction of the brain. In an article entitled Possible
Microwave Mechanisms of the Mammalian Nervous System" by Philip L
Stocklin and Brain F. Stocklin, published in the TIT Journal of
Life Sciences. Tower International Technomedical Institute. Inc.
P.O. Box 4594, Philadelphia. Pa. (1979) there is disclosed a
hypothesis that the mammalian brain generates and uses electro
magnetic waves in the lower microwave frequency region as an
integral part of the functioning of the central and peripheral
nervous systems. This analysis is based primarily upon the
potential energy of a protein integral in the neural membrane. In
an article by W. Bise entitled "Low Power Radio-Frequency and
Microwave Effects On Human Electro- encephalogram and Behavior,"
Physiol. Chemistry Phys. 10. 387 (1978), it is reported that there
are significant effects upon the alert human EEG during radiation
by low intensity cw microwave electromagnetic energy. Bise observed
significant repeatable EEG effects tar a subject during radiation
at specific microwave frequencies.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Results at theoretical analysis of the physics ot brain tissue and
the brain/skull cavity, combined with experimentally-determined
electromagnetic properties at mammalian brain tissue, indicate the
physical necessity for the existence of electromagnetic standing
waves. called modes in the living mammalian brain. The made
characteristics rnay be determined by two geometric properties at
the brain: these are the cephalic index at the brain (its shape in
prolate spheroidal coordinates) and the semifocal distance of the
brain (a measure of its size). It was concluded that estimation ot
brain cephalic index and semifocal distance using external skull
measurements on subjects permits estimation of the subjects
characteristic mode frequencies, which in turn will permit a mode
by mode treatment at the data to simulate hearing.
This invention provides for sound perception by individuals who
have impaired hearing resulting tram ear damage, auditory nerve
damage, and damage to the auditory cortex. This invention provides
for simulation of microwave radiation which is normally produced by
the auditory cortex. The simulated brain waves are introduced into
the region at the auditory cortex and provide for perceived sounds
on the part at the subject.
~~~~~~~
CRITIQUE OF THE LITERATURE ON BIOEFFECTS OF
RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
PERTINENT TO AIR FORCE OPERATIONS.
Final Report USAFSAM-TR-87-3 (June 1987)
Contents:
http://www.brooks.af.mil/AFRL/HED/hedr/reports/bioeffects/87-3con.htm
3.1.4.2 AUDITORY EFFECTS (Large - 84 KB)
http://www.brooks.af.mil/AFRL/HED/hedr/reports/bioeffects/3-1-4-2.htm
Humans near some types of pulsed radar systems have perceived
individual pulses of RFR as audible clicks (without use of
electronic receptors). This phenomenon, first investigated by Frey
(1961), attracted much interest because it has been cited often as
evidence that nonthermal effects can occur and because an initial
hypothesis was that a possible mechanism for perception is direct
stimulation of the central nervous system by RFR.
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MAMMALIAN AUDITORY RESPONSES TO 3.0 GHz MICROWAVE PULSES
IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 288-293 (1978)
http://www.eeisnet.com
Chou, C.-K., R. Galambos, A.W. Guy, and R.H. Lovely
COCHLEAR MICROPHONICS GENERATED BY MICROWAVE PULSES
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Chou, C.-K., A.W. Guy, and R. Galambos
CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROWAVE-INDUCED COCHLEAR MICROPHONICS
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Chou, C.-K. and R. Galambos
MIDDLE-EAR STRUCTURES CONTRIBUTE LITTLE TO AUDITORY PERCEPTION OF
MICROWAVES
J. Microwave Power, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 321-326 (1979)
Chou, C.-K. and A.W. Guy
CARBON-LOADED TEFLON ELECTRODES FOR CHRONIC EEG RECORDINGS IN
MICROWAVE RESEARCH
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Chou, C.-K., and A.W. Guy
MICROWAVE-INDUCED AUDITORY RESPONSES IN GUINEA PIGS: RELATIONSHIP
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HOLOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF MICROWAVE HEARING
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Chou, C.-K., K.-C. Yee, and A.W. Guy
AUDITORY RESPONSE IN RATS EXPOSED TO 2,450 MHZ ELECTROMAGNETIC
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MICROWAVE HEARING: EVIDENCE FOR THERMOACOUSTIC AUDITORY STIMULATION
BY PULSED MICROWAVES
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Frey, A.H.
AUDITORY SYSTEM RESPONSE TO RADIO-FREQUENCY ENERGY
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HUMAN AUDITORY SYSTEM RESPONSE TO MODULATED ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY
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HOLOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF MICROWAVE HEARING [A response]
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MICROWAVE-INDUCED HEARING: SOME PRELIMINARY THEORETICAL
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ON MICROWAVE-INDUCED HEARING SENSATION
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FURTHER STUDIES ON THE MICROWAVE AUDITORY EFFECT
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MICROWAVE AUDITORY EFFECTS AND APPLICATIONS
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MICROWAVE-EVOKED BRAINSTEM POTENTIALS IN CATS
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EVIDENCE FOR MICROWAVE-INDUCED ACOUSTICAL RESONANCES IN BIOLOGICAL
MATERIAL
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MICROWAVE PULSE-INDUCED ACOUSTIC RESONANCES IN SPHERICAL HEAD MODELS
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MICROWAVE-INDUCED PRESSURE WAVES IN MAMMALIAN BRAINS
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(1974) http://www.eeisnet.com
Taylor, E.M. and B.T. Ashleman
ANALYSIS OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INVOLVEMENT IN THE MICROWAVE
AUDITORY EFFECT
Brain Res., Vol. 74, pp. 201-208 (1974)
Tyazhelov, V.V., R.E. Tigranian, E.O. Khizhniak, and I.G. Akoev
SOME PECULIARITIES OF AUDITORY SENSATIONS EVOKED BY PULSED
MICROWAVE FIELDS
Radio Sci., Vol. 14, No. 6S, pp. 259-263 (1979)
White, R.M.
GENERATION OF ELASTIC WAVES BY TRANSIENT SURFACE HEATING
J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 34, No. 12, pp. 3559-3567 (1963)
Wilson, B.S., J.M. Zook, W.T. Joines, and J.H. Casseday
ALTERATIONS IN ACTIVITY AT AUDITORY NUCLEI OF THE RAT INDUCED BY
EXPOSURE TO MICROWAVE RADIATION:
AUTORADIOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE USING [C-14] 2-DEOXY-D-GLUCOSE
Brain Res., Vol. 187, pp. 291-306 (1980)
~~~~~~~
HUMAN EXPOSURE TO RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
PERTINENT TO AIR FORCE OPERATIONS
Air Force Research Laboratory, AL/OE-TR-1996-0035, 30 June 1994
Contents:
http://www.brooks.af.mil/AFRL/HED/hedr/reports/human_exposure/humtoc.html
3.1 THE RFR-AUDITORY EFFECT
http://www.brooks.af.mil/AFRL/HED/hedr/reports/human_exposure/htmlfil
e13.html#3.1
3.1.2 CONCLUSIONS
From a variety of studies of the RFR-auditory effect in humans,
[Frey (1961, 1962), White (1963), Frey and Messenger (1973), Foster
and Finch (1974), Sharp et al. (1974), Guy et al. (1975b), Lin
(1977c), Cain and Rissman (1978)], considerable understanding has
been achieved about the interaction mechanisms that give rise to
the effect. The book by Lin (1978) presents detailed discussions of
the various mechanisms that had been proposed for the effect, and
the experimental evidence that supports the theory that the effect
is due to induction thermoelastic waves by RFR pulses at a boundary
between tissues of dissimilar dielectric properties within the
head, with propagation of the waves to the auditory system.
Noteworthy are the findings of several studies that persons with
specific hearing impairments are unable to perceive RFR pulses; the
finding of Foster and Finch (1974) that the effect does not occur
in water at 4_C, where its thermal expansion coefficient is zero;
and the peak-energy-density and peak-power-density thresholds for
perception determined by Guy et al. (1975b) and Cain and Rissman
(1978). [A peak power density of 300 mW/cm_ is taken as the nominal
perception threshold for humans of RFR pulses 10 ¦s or longer.]
However, the subsequent unusual findings of Tyazhelov et al. (1979)
may indicate that specific aspects of the phenomenon are worth
further study. On the other hand, it is noteworthy that Cain and
Rissman (1978) had exposed human volunteers to pulses of 3.0-GHz
RFR at peak power densities as high as 2,500 mW/cm_ with no
apparent ill effects. Thus, it is unlikely that persons perceiving
RFR pulses would be affected adversely.
References:
http://www.brooks.af.mil/AFRL/HED/hedr/reports/human_exposure/humref.html
~~~~~~~
from:
Mind Control
By Harry V. Martin and David Caul
From the Napa Sentinel, Napa, CA, USA
http://www.trufax.org/trans/napa.html
Thirty years ago, Allen Frey discovered that microwaves of 300 to
3000 megahertz could be "heard" by people, even if they were deaf,
if pulsed at a certain rate. Appearing to be originating just in
back of the head, the sound boomed, clicked, hissed or buzzed,
depending upon the frequency. Later research has shown that the
perception of the waves take place just in front of the ears. The
microwaves causes pressure waves in the brain tissue, and this
phenomenon vibrates the sound receptors in the inner ear through
the bone structure. Some microwaves are capable of directly
stimulating the nerve cells of the auditory pathways. This has been
confirmed with experiments with rats, in which the sound registers
120 decibels, which is equal to the volume of a nearby jet during
takeoff.
~~~~~~~
from:
SOME ASPECTS OF ANTI PERSONNEL ELECTROMAGNETIC WEAPONS
David G. Guyatt Freelance Writer/Researcher
Synopsis prepared for the ICRC Symposium
THE MEDICAL PROFESSION AND THE EFFECTS OF WEAPONS
February 1996
http://www.copi.com/Articles/MK_FITB.rtf
Drs Joseph Sharp and Allen Frey experimented with microwaves
seeking to transmit spoken words directly into the audio cortex via
a pulsed-microwave analog of the speaker's sound vibration.
Indeed, Frey's work in this field, dating back to 1960 gave rise to
the so called "Frey effect" which is now more commonly referred to
as "microwave hearing."19 Within the Pentagon this ability is now
known as "Artificial Telepathy".20 Adey and others have compiled
an entire library of frequencies and pulsation rates which can
effect the mind and nervous system.
19 In this connection the work of Dr. James Lin of Wayne
State University should be noted. Lin has written a book
entitled "Microwave Auditory Effects & Applications" in
which he states "The capability of communicating directly
with humans by pulsed microwaves is obviously not limited to
the field of therapeutic medicine."
20 Refer to Dr. Robert Becker who has stated "Such a device
has obvious applications in covert operations designed to
drive a target crazy with "voices" or deliver undetected
instructions to a programmed assassin." In 1974 Dr J F
Scapitz filed a plan to explore the interaction of radio
signals and hypnosis. He stated that "In this investigation
it will be shown that the spoken word of the hypnotists may
be conveyed by modulate electromagnetic energy directly into
the subconscious parts of the human brain -- i.e. without
employing any technical devices for receiving or transcoding
the messages and without the person exposed to such
influence having a chance to control the information input
consciously." Schapitz' work was funded by the DoD.
Despite FOIA filings his work has never been made available.
Also it is interesting to note the date of 1974, which
almost exactly mirror's the period when the USSR commenced
its own programme that resulted in "Acoustic
Psycho-correction technology."
~~~~~~~
Microwaves and Behavior
Dr. Don R. Justesen
American Psychologist, Journal of the American Psychological
Association, Volume 30, March 1975, Number 3
Page 396:
The demonstration of sonic transduction of microwave energy
by materials lacking in water LESSENS the likelihood that a
thermohydraulic principle is operating in human perception
of the energy. Nonetheless, some form of thermoacoustic
transduction probably underlies perception. If so, it is
clear that simple heating is NOT a sufficient basis for the
Frey effect; the requirement for pulsing of radiations
appears to implicate a thermodynamic principle.
Frey and Messenger (1973) and Guy, Chou, Lin, and Christensen
(1975) confirmed that a microwave pulse with a slow rise time
is INeffective in producing an auditory response; only
if the rise time is SHORT, resulting in effect in a square
wave with respect to the leading edge of the envelope of
radiated radio-frequency energy, does the auditory response
occur.
from:
http://www.raven1.net/v2succes.htm